Induction of Bone Formation by 3D Biologically Active Scaffolds Containing RGD‐NPs, BMP2, and NtMPCs

Abstract It is demonstrated that nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (NT‐ESCs) can be transformed into mesenchymal progenitor (NtMPCs) via culture under appropriate conditions and it proposed NtMPCs used for bone regeneration instead of marrow‐derived (BMSCs). In a 2‐dimensional culture, undergo chondrogenic adipogenic differentiation more readily than BMSCs upon in media. However, the osteogenic ability lower BMSCs. 3‐dimensional (3D) biologically active scaffolds (BAs) comprising poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres are constructed to improve differentiation. To generate BAs, nanoparticles containing an l ‐Arginyl‐Glycyl‐ ‐Aspartic acid (RGD) sequence (RGD‐NPs) dexamethasone (DEX), drug control inflammation, simultaneously encapsulated by PLGA form particles measuring 150–250 µm. After that, morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) immobilized on surface polyethylenimine (PEI)‐coated formation ionic bonds between O‐sulfate N‐sulfate heparin with lysine/arginine residues BMP2. Gene expression profiling performed QuantSeq 3′ mRNA‐sequencing mice transplanted BAs Expression differentiation‐related genes collagen Type I Alpha (COL1A2), Homeobox MSX‐2 (MSX2), Runt‐related transcription factor (RUNX2), 2–3‐fold higher